Edmonds-Karp (Max Flow)

Jack Edmonds & Richard Karp, 1972

Published by Edmonds and Karp in 1972, this algorithm refines Ford-Fulkerson by using breadth-first search to select the shortest augmenting path at each iteration, ensuring O(VE²) time complexity. The BFS wavefront is shown in gold, the discovered augmenting path in coral, and updated flow in teal.